The aim of LeMMINGs is to observe a large sample of nearby galaxies with sub-arcsecond angular resolution at micro Jansky sensitivities. Such observations will allow us to study a very wide range of astrophysical phenomena, such as supernovae and their remnants, HII regions, potentially extragalactic X-ray binaries, ULX sources, planetary nebulae, AGN and jets and much more.

Principal Investigators: Rob Beswick (JBCA) and Ian McHardy (Southampton)
Time Allocation: 810 hours (e-MERLIN including Lovell Telescope).
Statistical sample: 700 hours (350 hours at L-band, 350 hours at C-band). Deep Tier: 110 hours (55 hours at L-band, 55 hours at C-band)

The broad philosophy of this legacy programme is to provide a definitive parsec-scale, micro Jansky sensitivity set of radio images for a large sample of well-known galaxies in the nearby Universe. As such this project will both address numerous key science questions regarding SF and activity in galaxies and is specifically designed to be a lasting Legacy data-set for the wider community, with the sample selected to maximize multi-wavelength coverage and consequently the amount of future legacy science achievable. The project consists of two closely related samples: a moderately deep snapshot survey of an unbiased sample of 280 galaxies selected from the Palomar Bright Galaxies Survey (Ho et al 1997), and an extremely deep survey of a nearby sub-set of 6 galaxies selected from the statistical sample to encompass the entire range of luminosities, scales and galaxy-types. The two sets of observations are highly complementary: the larger statistical sample will mainly probe the nuclear AGN and higher surface brightness starburst regions over all galaxy types, with large enough numbers that we can determine the way in which AGN and SF emission varies with galaxy type, and how the two emission processes interact. The deep sample will also sample a range of galaxy types in an unbiased, although not quite statistically complete manner, allowing for a much more detailed study of, e.g. starburst and low luminosity AGN jet emission. Thus it will be possible to study the physics of the interaction between AGN emission and SF in much greater detail with the deep sample.


Co-Investigators
Susanne Aalto (Onsala Space Observatory, Sweden) Antxon Alberdi (IAA,Spain) Paul Alexander (Cambridge) Megan Argo (Curtin, Australia) Willem Baan (ASTRON, The Netherlands) Ranieri Baldi (INAF, Italy) Rob Beswick (JBCA, Manchester) Elias Brinks (Hertfordshire) John Conway (Onsala Space Observatory, Sweden) Stephane Corbel (CEA Saclay, France) Phil Diamond (JBCA, Manchester) Tom Dwelly (Southampton) Janine van Eymeren (JBCA, Manchester) Danielle Fenech (UCL) Jay Gallagher (Wisconsin, USA) Jack Gallimore (Bucknell, USA) Melanie Gendre (JBCA, Manchester) Dave Green (Cambridge) Melvin Hoare (Leeds) Sebastian Jester (MPIA Heidelberg, Germany) Rob Kennicutt (Cambridge) Hans-Rainer Klockner (Oxford) Johan Knapen (IAC Tenerife, Spain) Christian Knigge (Southampton) Elmar Koerding (CEA Saclay, France) Tom Maccarone (Southampton) Jon Marcaide (Valencia, Spain) Sera Markoff (Amsterdam, The Netherlands) Ivan Marti-Vidal (Valencia, Spain) Smita Mathur (Ohio State, USA) Ian McHardy (Southampton) Carole Mundell (Liverpool John Moores) Tom Muxlow (JBCA, Manchester) Alison Peck (ALMA, Chile) Alan Pedlar (JBCA, Manchester) Miguel Perez-Torres (IAA, Spain) Cristina Romero-Canzales (IAA, Spain) Tony Rushton (Southampton) D. J. Saikia (NCRA, India) Eva Schinnerer (MPIA Heidelberg, Germany) Ralph Spencer (JBCA, Manchester) Ian Stevens (Birmingham) Ian Stewart (South Africa) Michele Thornley (Bucknell, USA) Fabian Walter (MPIA, Heidelberg, Germany) Phil Uttley (Southamption) Martin Ward (Durham) Dave Williams (JBCA, Manchester) Jeremy Yates (UCL)


Publications
LeMMINGs ADS Publication Library

Full proposal (pdf), as originally submitted prior to time allocation.

Available data


L Band Data

The 1.5 GHz e-MERLIN legacy dataset is currently being re-reduced using the same self-calibration code used in Williams-Baldwin et al. 2026 for the 5 GHz data. The CASA calibrated measurement sets can be found here, but please note that these will be updated in due course and full images and self-calibrated images will be produced for future publications.


C Band Data

The 5 GHz e-MERLIN legacy dataset can be found below, ordered by LeMMINGs block. These data are published in Williams-Baldwin et al. 2026 and should be cited if any data or images below are used in future works. If you use the images, please also cite the Zenodo link, which has a download of all the full resolution cut out images and tapered images. The zenodo DOI is: 10.5281/zenodo.17940946

Provided are the cut out images close to the best optical position of each galaxy and the associated files of this region. Future additions will include the full widefield images and measurement sets for each observing block, together with any additional datasets not used in the LeMMINGs publications.

LEM Block TEST (C band)

Calibrated data weblog

IC 239 Full res. image IC 239 Tapered image
NGC 1003 Full res. image NGC1003 Tapered image
NGC1023 Full res. image NGC1023 Tapered image
NGC1058 Full res. image NGC1058 Tapered image
NGC1156 Full res. image NGC1156 Tapered image
NGC1167 Full res. image NGC1167 Tapered image
NGC1161 Full res. image NGC1161 Tapered image
NGC1169 Full res. image NGC1169 Tapered image
NGC1186 Full res. image NGC1186 Tapered image
NGC1275 Full res. image NGC1275 Tapered image

LEM Block 06 (C band)

Calibrated data weblog

NGC6217 Full res. image NGC6217 Tapered image
NGC6207 Full res. image NGC6207 Tapered image
NGC6236 Full res. image NGC6236 Tapered image
NGC6340 Full res. image NGC6340 Tapered image
NGC6412 Full res. image NGC6412 Tapered image
NGC6503 Full res. image NGC6503 Tapered image
NGC6482 Full res. image NGC6482 Tapered image
NGC6643 Full res. image NGC6643 Tapered image
NGC6654 Full res. image NGC6654 Tapered image
NGC6689 Full res. image NGC6689 Tapered image

LEM Block 07 (C band)

Calibrated data weblog

NGC5660 Full res. image NGC5660 Tapered image
NGC5676 Full res. image NGC5676 Tapered image
NGC5866 Full res. image NGC5866 Tapered image
NGC5879 Full res. image NGC5879 Tapered image
NGC5905 Full res. image NGC5905 Tapered image
NGC5907 Full res. image NGC5907 Tapered image
NGC5982 Full res. image NGC5982 Tapered image
NGC5985 Full res. image NGC5985 Tapered image
NGC6015 Full res. image NGC6015 Tapered image
NGC6140 Full res. image NGC6140 Tapered image

LEM Block 08 (C band)

Calibrated data weblog

NGC5204 Full res. image NGC5204 Tapered image
NGC5308 Full res. image NGC5308 Tapered image
NGC5322 Full res. image NGC5322 Tapered image
NGC5457 Full res. image NGC5457 Tapered image
NGC5473 Full res. image NGC5473 Tapered image
NGC5474 Full res. image NGC5474 Tapered image
NGC5485 Full res. image NGC5485 Tapered image
NGC5585 Full res. image NGC5585 Tapered image
NGC5631 Full res. image NGC5631 Tapered image
NGC5678 Full res. image NGC5678 Tapered image

LEM Block 09 (C band)

Calibrated data weblog

NGC5273 Full res. image NGC5273 Tapered image
NGC5353 Full res. image NGC5353 Tapered image
NGC5354 Full res. image NGC5354 Tapered image
NGC5371 Full res. image NGC5371 Tapered image
NGC5383 Full res. image NGC5383 Tapered image
NGC5395 Full res. image NGC5395 Tapered image
NGC5523 Full res. image NGC5523 Tapered image
NGC5548 Full res. image NGC5548 Tapered image
NGC5557 Full res. image NGC5557 Tapered image
NGC5656 Full res. image NGC5656 Tapered image

LEM Block 11 (C band)

Calibrated data weblog

NGC4448 Full res. image NGC4448 Tapered image
NGC4494 Full res. image NGC4494 Tapered image
NGC4559 Full res. image NGC4559 Tapered image
NGC4565 Full res. image NGC4565 Tapered image
NGC4631 Full res. image NGC4631 Tapered image
NGC4656 Full res. image NGC4656 Tapered image
NGC4725 Full res. image NGC4725 Tapered image
NGC4793 Full res. image NGC4793 Tapered image
NGC4826 Full res. image NGC4826 Tapered image
NGC5012 Full res. image NGC5012 Tapered image

LEM Block 12 (C band)

Calibrated data weblog

NGC3646 Full res. image NGC3646 Tapered image
NGC3884 Full res. image NGC3884 Tapered image
NGC3900 Full res. image NGC3900 Tapered image
NGC4162 Full res. image NGC4162 Tapered image
NGC4245 Full res. image NGC4245 Tapered image
NGC4251 Full res. image NGC4251 Tapered image
NGC4274 Full res. image NGC4274 Tapered image
NGC4278 Full res. image NGC4278 Tapered image
NGC4314 Full res. image NGC4314 Tapered image
NGC4414 Full res. image NGC4414 Tapered image

LEM Block 13 (C band)

Calibrated data weblog

NGC3813 Full res. image NGC3813 Tapered image
NGC3941 Full res. image NGC3941 Tapered image
NGC4062 Full res. image NGC4062 Tapered image
NGC4136 Full res. image NGC4136 Tapered image
NGC4150 Full res. image NGC4150 Tapered image
NGC4169 Full res. image NGC4169 Tapered image
NGC4203 Full res. image NGC4203 Tapered image
NGC4214 Full res. image NGC4214 Tapered image
NGC4244 Full res. image NGC4244 Tapered image
NGC4395 Full res. image NGC4395 Tapered image

LEM Block 14 (C band)

Calibrated data weblog

NGC4151 Full res. image NGC4151 Tapered image
NGC4145 Full res. image NGC4145 Tapered image
NGC4369 Full res. image NGC4369 Tapered image
NGC4449 Full res. image NGC4449 Tapered image
NGC4460 Full res. image NGC4460 Tapered image
NGC4490 Full res. image NGC4490 Tapered image
NGC4485 Full res. image NGC4485 Tapered image
NGC4618 Full res. image NGC4618 Tapered image
NGC4736 Full res. image NGC4736 Tapered image
NGC4800 Full res. image NGC4800 Tapered image

LEM Block 15 (C band)

Calibrated data weblog

NGC4111 Full res. image NGC4111 Tapered image
NGC4143 Full res. image NGC4143 Tapered image
NGC4138 Full res. image NGC4138 Tapered image
NGC4144 Full res. image NGC4144 Tapered image
NGC4183 Full res. image NGC4183 Tapered image
NGC4217 Full res. image NGC4217 Tapered image
NGC4220 Full res. image NGC4220 Tapered image
NGC4242 Full res. image NGC4242 Tapered image
NGC4258 Full res. image NGC4258 Tapered image
NGC4346 Full res. image NGC4346 Tapered image

LEM Block 16 (C band)

Calibrated data weblog

NGC3162 Full res. image NGC3162 Tapered image
NGC3185 Full res. image NGC3185 Tapered image
NGC3190 Full res. image NGC3190 Tapered image
NGC3193 Full res. image NGC3193 Tapered image
NGC3245 Full res. image NGC3245 Tapered image
NGC3254 Full res. image NGC3254 Tapered image
NGC3301 Full res. image NGC3301 Tapered image
NGC3344 Full res. image NGC3344 Tapered image
NGC3486 Full res. image NGC3486 Tapered image
NGC3504 Full res. image NGC3504 Tapered image

LEM Block 18 (C band)

Calibrated data weblog

NGC3583 Full res. image NGC3583 Tapered image
NGC3600 Full res. image NGC3600 Tapered image
NGC3675 Full res. image NGC3675 Tapered image
NGC3726 Full res. image NGC3726 Tapered image
NGC3877 Full res. image NGC3877 Tapered image
NGC3893 Full res. image NGC3893 Tapered image
NGC3938 Full res. image NGC3938 Tapered image
NGC3949 Full res. image NGC3949 Tapered image
NGC4013 Full res. image NGC4013 Tapered image
NGC4051 Full res. image NGC4051 Tapered image

LEM Block 19 (C band)

Calibrated data weblog Extra Calibrated data weblog

NGC3631 Full res. image NGC3631 Tapered image
NGC3917 Full res. image NGC3917 Tapered image
NGC3953 Full res. image NGC3953 Tapered image
NGC3992 Full res. image NGC3992 Tapered image
NGC4026 Full res. image NGC4026 Tapered image
NGC4088 Full res. image NGC4088 Tapered image
NGC4096 Full res. image NGC4096 Tapered image
NGC4100 Full res. image NGC4100 Tapered image
NGC4102 Full res. image NGC4102 Tapered image
NGC4157 Full res. image NGC4157 Tapered image

LEM Block 20 (C band)

Calibrated data weblog

NGC3718 Full res. image NGC3718 Tapered image
NGC3729 Full res. image NGC3729 Tapered image
NGC3738 Full res. image NGC3738 Tapered image
NGC3756 Full res. image NGC3756 Tapered image
NGC3780 Full res. image NGC3780 Tapered image
NGC3838 Full res. image NGC3838 Tapered image
NGC3898 Full res. image NGC3898 Tapered image
NGC3963 Full res. image NGC3963 Tapered image
NGC3982 Full res. image NGC3982 Tapered image
NGC3998 Full res. image NGC3998 Tapered image

LEM Block 21 (C band)

Calibrated data weblog

NGC3945 Full res. image NGC3945 Tapered image
NGC4036 Full res. image NGC4036 Tapered image
NGC4041 Full res. image NGC4041 Tapered image
NGC4125 Full res. image NGC4125 Tapered image
NGC4236 Full res. image NGC4236 Tapered image
NGC4291 Full res. image NGC4291 Tapered image
NGC4589 Full res. image NGC4589 Tapered image
NGC4605 Full res. image NGC4605 Tapered image
NGC4648 Full res. image NGC4648 Tapered image
NGC4750 Full res. image NGC4750 Tapered image

LEM Block 22 (C band)

Calibrated data weblog

NGC3073 Full res. image NGC3073 Tapered image
NGC3079 Full res. image NGC3079 Tapered image
NGC3310 Full res. image NGC3310 Tapered image
NGC3448 Full res. image NGC3448 Tapered image
NGC3556 Full res. image NGC3556 Tapered image
NGC3613 Full res. image NGC3613 Tapered image
NGC3610 Full res. image NGC3610 Tapered image
NGC3642 Full res. image NGC3642 Tapered image
NGC3690 Full res. image NGC3690 Tapered image
UGC6484 Full res. image UGC6484 Tapered image

LEM Block 23 (C band)

Calibrated data weblog

NGC2976 Full res. image NGC2976 Tapered image
NGC3031 Full res. image NGC3031 Tapered image
NGC3034 Full res. image NGC3034 Tapered image
NGC3077 Full res. image NGC3077 Tapered image
NGC3147 Full res. image NGC3147 Tapered image
IC2574 Full res. image IC2574 Tapered image
NGC3359 Full res. image NGC3359 Tapered image
NGC3348 Full res. image NGC3348 Tapered image
NGC3516 Full res. image NGC3516 Tapered image
NGC3735 Full res. image NGC3735 Tapered image

LEM Block 27 (C band)

Calibrated data weblog

NGC2273 Full res. image NGC2273 Tapered image
NGC2342 Full res. image NGC2342 Tapered image
UGC3828 Full res. image UGC3828 Tapered image
NGC2500 Full res. image NGC2500 Tapered image
NGC2543 Full res. image NGC2543 Tapered image
NGC2537 Full res. image NGC2537 Tapered image
NGC2541 Full res. image NGC2541 Tapered image
NGC2639 Full res. image NGC2639 Tapered image
NGC2681 Full res. image NGC2681 Tapered image
NGC2841 Full res. image NGC2841 Tapered image

LEM Block 28 (C band)

Calibrated data weblog

NGC2683 Full res. image NGC2683 Tapered image
NGC2750 Full res. image NGC2750 Tapered image
NGC2770 Full res. image NGC2770 Tapered image
NGC2776 Full res. image NGC2776 Tapered image
NGC2782 Full res. image NGC2782 Tapered image
NGC2832 Full res. image NGC2832 Tapered image
NGC2859 Full res. image NGC2859 Tapered image
NGC2903 Full res. image NGC2903 Tapered image
NGC2964 Full res. image NGC2964 Tapered image
NGC3003 Full res. image NGC3003 Tapered image

LEM Block MISC (C band)

Calibrated data weblog

NGC1167 Full res. image NGC1167 Tapered image
NGC2683 Full res. image NGC2683 Tapered image
NGC2685 Full res. image NGC2685 Tapered image
NGC2742 Full res. image NGC2742 Tapered image
NGC3395 Full res. image NGC3395 Tapered image
NGC5033 Full res. image NGC5033 Tapered image
NGC5194 Full res. image NGC5194 Tapered image
NGC6217 Full res. image NGC6217 Tapered image
NGC6207 Full res. image NGC6207 Tapered image
NGC6702 Full res. image NGC6702 Tapered image